Neighborhood Watch

The theory of Opportunity-Reduction supports Neighborhood Watch program. This theory assumes that the initiative of potential crime victims or the citizens could help reducing the risk of criminals’ attack (Kilpatrick, 2004). The Opportunity-Reduction model involves four categories such as (1) increasing perceived effort, (2) increasing perceived risks, (3) reducing anticipated rewards, and (4) inducing guilt or shame (or removing excuses, Clarke, 1997) (Clarke and Homel, 1997). The last category which is inducing guilt or shame was eventually omitted in the work of Wortley (2002) since the strategies under this category do not involve the reduction of criminal’s opportunity to attack but rather it encourages and gives the offender more chances of doing illegal actions (Wortley, 1997, 1998). Instead of inducing guilt or shame, Wortley replaces it with precipitation-control. Accordingly, this can be more effective in reducing permissibility for potential offenders or criminals. Wortley (2002) also adds another category which is increasing anticipated punishments which is based on the learning theory that views anticipated rewards can reduce crimes. This is an effective mean of overcoming crime problems and it is also applicable in real prison management (Severson, 2004). Opportunity-Reduction approach also supports Neighborhood Watch programs through crime prevention and self-defense training courses available for community police and citizens as well as focusing on quality of life by citizen participation   (Kilpatrick, 2004; Whittemore, 1989; Baker, Wolfer, & Zezza, 1999). The Canterchase residents should be able to create partnerships, support and collaborate with each other. They need to communicate effectively by reporting or sharing information, use security or warning devices, use detectors or watchdogs. They must also apply problem-oriented policing in order to discuss the nature of problems, assign citizens in taking their responsibilities on crime reduction and solving crime-related problems. Techniques like the SARA or scanning, analysis, response, and assessment (Baker, Wolfer, & Zezza, 1999; Wolfer, Zezza, 2001) are useful in community policing and crime prevention. References Baker, T. E., Wolfer, L., & Zezza, R. (1999) â€Å"Problem-Solving Policing Eliminating Hot Spots.† The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 68(11). Clarke, R. V. (ed.) (1997) Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies 2nd ed. Albany, NY: Harrow & Heston. Kilpatrick, D. G. (2004) Interpersonal Violence and Public Policy: What about the Victims?. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32(1), 73+. Whittemore, L. S. (1989) Appendix C the Success of Community Crime Prevention. Canadian Journal of Criminology 31(4), 489. Wortley, R. (1997) Reconsidering the role of opportunity in situational crime prevention. In G. Newman, R. V. Clarke and S. G. Shohan (eds.), Rational Choice and Situational Crime Prevention, Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, pp. 65–82. Wortley, R. (1998) A two-stage model of situational crime prevention. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention 7, pp. 173–88. Wortley, R. (2002) Situational Prison Control: Crime Prevention in Correctional Institutions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.   

How Alcohol Affects the Family

A family is an institution with closely knit members of a household who are related by marriage adoption or by birth. These are people who have a strong relationship mutual concern for each other such that when one gets hurt, the other members also feel hurt. It is in this institution that socialization takes place.A family acts as a shelter for the members because this is where they experience unconditional love. Members do not have to work to earn love or to work for their basic needs to be met. It is a place that members can go back to when all is lost and still be cared for.Democracy is first experienced in the family because every one is listened to and every member works for the best interest of the other. Additionally, members of a family grow according to certain values upheld by the institution and as a result can be said to be very influential to an individuals personality.Therefore every family member has roles and obligations that when disrupted can make a family dysfunct ional. Alcohol abuse is one of the factors that causes disruption of the family and threatens its stability.Alcohol abuse has adverse effects on the members in that it deprives them of the basics of the family. This is because most alcohol abusers are violent and often are the ones who initiate fights. The violence when brought home is characterized by such incidences as wife battering, beating of children and financial constrains in the home as and even separation or divorce. Various members of a family can become abusers of alcohol. It can be the mother, the father or even the children. The impact of alcohol abuse usually varies depending on which member is involved.In instances where the parents are involved, the family hurts financially because in most of the cases they are the ones who are bread winners. As mentioned earlier their priorities change and the amount of money that is usually allocated to family consumption, decreases. Financial strain also could set in as a result of the accidents that come with drunkenness e.g. a road accident that occurs because of drunken driving, costs of treatment for a drunken driver who has sustained injuries and compensation for broken crockery and other wares.According to children of alcohol dependent parents are usually anxious and suffer from depression. They also stand a risk of having mental and physical problems. Additionally, they have a very high probability of also becoming addicts of alcohol and other substances or drugs. Statistics have shown that most adolescent alcoholics have parents who are addicted to alcohol. Children from parents who are addicted have a lot of money spent on their health and welfare.This is because they are sometimes subjected to abuse that would warrant their being taken to hospital. Increased health problems of family members create a financial burden to the family up to a level where there no longer exists family cohesion.The role of the parents is also compromised because they ge t to levels where they cannot instill discipline on their children. Alcohol dependent parents whose cognitive ability has been impaired because of alcohol cannot be at a position to follow up on how their children are doing at home or school and the latter become their own masters.The outcome is children who are delinquent and a threat to security in the society. Further it becomes one factor behind the family disintegrating as they start doing their own things without any guidance. In other cases the alcoholic parents are not able to perform their duties and the children take up their roles.This can get to a level where it gets confusing for the children because they have to take up other roles, i.e. that of being children and that of parents. The family in such an instance becomes dysfunctional because families fail to undertake their obligations of taking charge or leading the family. Children in such a family tend to take up the habit of dealing with issues under the influence o f another substance such that they don’t believe that they can make decisions when sober.This can be explained by the fact that children look up to their parents who have a great influence on them. Children regard their parents as heroes and may conclude in their minds that the consumption of alcohol is a heroic gesture thereby admiring it. This may prompt them to try taking the alcohol in secret so that their alcoholic activity starts at a very early age.

Class Divided Essay

When I first read the title a Class Divided; the first thought that came to my mind was another story about Blacks and Whites being separated. I really had no idea that what I was about to see and read would be a learning lesson like one I had never had before. But to my surprise once I started reading the article One Friday in April 1968 I knew that this was going to be different then any thing I had read. So I allowed myself to fill what the writer was writing to try and fill what Jane Elliott had felt that day in April in 1968. As she prepared to face a group of 3rd grade students who happened, to be white and teach them about racism and discrimination something she hoped they would understand the rest of their lives. Jane Elliott had taught her class about what the two things had mint before but not on the level she had planed to go to today; she hoped that with what she was planning to do would not mean she had crossed the line to far, but if not her then who and if not then when. It was not something that Jane Elliott could put off any longer. With the assassination of Rev Martin Luther King the night before this assignment was sure not to be an easy task. Jane Elliott knew things would be different in class this morning! But she was a women who knew in her heart what task laid before her and not quite sure how the outcome would be, or how or what response the children or their parents may have it was to late too turn around now. This was a situation that was going on all over the world not just in her town or in America. And it was time that someone brought right to the face of Americans children I mean who is the leaders of tomorrow but the children of today. And they might as well get a taste of the real world now; really what could the worst that could happen? You might find out that even at that young age, some of them might even understand that racism and discrimination is something they never want to be a part of or on the flip side you would have a bunch of racists’ running around; it was best to know now what kind of people were being raised instead of finding out later when they get to old to even change. The technique that Jane Elliott used was very different then any I had heard about and since by the video I knew there where no blacks in her class to see how she would divide the class I was very interested. And here white women a teacher from a rule town was willing to put and idea a solution of an age old question of how to stop discrimination. Something the nation had no solution to and countries and people were battling over everyday. How was this demonstration with kids going to change anything? Jane Elliott took a chance not just for wanting to teach students about racism and discrimination but teach it in a manner in which you as a person could actually feel acknowledge and understand the experience that they just went through to know how it feels to walk in another man shoes. Jane wanted her students to understand that at the end of the day no one is superior or inferior to anyone else no matter what your status is in life. Now I admit I had no idea how she was going to approach this difficult task and get the point across but as I continued to watch on, it was becoming clearer. When Jane Elliott started her class the following morning it started off I guess you could say any normal class day would start the students seem to be as happy as the average 3rd grader would be. The normal inquisitive minds of most kids; as the kids hung up there coast and put away their coat and lunches away she started getting the kids in order and as class started she asked them a question like did they know what were some of the things that made other people different from themselves and other whites. Some said size one said clothes but color was the one they all could agree on and so she asked them what where some of the skin colors that where different then their own? Blacks and sometimes they were called Negros and Indians. So she asked the kids and how did they think that people of other colors felt by feeling different about being different they said they felt that blacks did not feel as smart by not being white, and they felt stupid because they were black. And so with that she asked them how they would fill if they were treated different because of their color! Now keep in mind this is the week of national Brotherhood and you are suppose to treat your fellow mates with respect and love show them you care because they are your brother. And Jane Elliott was about to do just the opposite. She asked them how would they fill if they where treated different because of the color they where now at first I’m thinking how is this going too work they are all white. But she told them that she was going to divide them up by the color of their eyes. Now for that day all people with blue eyes were going to be better then the brown eyes and it was like immediately you seen a whole different reaction from the class, it was if these weren’t even the same kids the brown eyed kids started to withdraw almost immediately and the blue eyes were in full bloom. Some of the blue eyed kids even gave a solution on how Ms Jane should handle the brown eyed kids with a yard stick incase they got out of hand. Now by lunch time the blue eyes felt on top of the world they told not to play with brown eyed kids and that they could have seconds on food the brown kids could not. Now for the brown eyes you could see the confusion on their faces the hurt they actually tried to rationalize how the same kids they had been friends with and played with change so much. And I remembered thinking how could in such a short period of time could these sweet kids turn into the ill monsters they has become. For me it was like if it took them such little time to embrace such a cruel sprite then I knew how it must be for grown people who exercise this kind of behavior for a long period of time how bitter and angry they must be not at the world but themselves. Now one of the scenes on the playground when the blue eyed boy taunts the brown eyed boys and they get into the brawl it hurt because before this experiment they were friends. And just in a couple of hours all there upbringing and brotherly love had went out the window. Now when Jane asked the boys what happen the blue eyed boy said it made him fill powerful and in charge? He said it made him fill like a king. The brown eyed boy to me on the hand seemed to be more affected by what had happen at lunch he said he was hurt and they use to be friends that the eyes had nothing to do with it they had been friends and even though he hit the blue eyed boy it did not make him fill better. This made me see that even though this was the first time they had put a division among the students the lust for power emerged quickly in some with out hesitation and others went along with it because that’s what they were told to do while again the brown eyed boy stood up for himself regardless of what the teacher said even though he admitted that he did not like being treated different and fighting did not make it better he just knew it was not fair. On returning back to class Ms Jane also noticed how the blue eyed kids were getting there work done faster and even being more helpful she noticed how the brown eyed kids looked like they where helpless and not really participating in class time you tell they felt rejected. It was as if had caught the essence of creating a bad situation but had the answer for straitening it out all was not lost. Jane announced to the that the roles had changed the following morning in class and believe me the blue eyes where not to happy with the change this mint they would be on the bottom and the brown eyes were on top. Some kids did not want to do it anymore while others could not wait to be on top. What this showed me with kids is that they do as they see being done just as well as what they hear. When it was time to go back to being normal no more blue eyes no more brown eyes over all the kids seemed to be happy to return to the normal class setting; she allowed the kids to tell what they like and disliked better about it and in the end the all promised not to ever dislike somebody because of there skin color. When Jane Elliott did this same experiment in the jail there was a whole different reaction here the video was showed to the inmates not as a test but more as a teaching tool which I kind of understood discrimination is something that most of the prisoners had encountered some where along the way either in there or one of the reasons they where in jail in the first place. But she did use the correctional officers and parole agents and I could not believe what was going on one man early on caught on that it must have been some kind of test because he notice the obvious brown eyes only signs blue eyes only signs seating situation while others tried very heard but it was this one lady she was a blue eye and a correctional officer she questioned and taunted everything that Jane wanted them to do prior to the blue eyes meeting in the room with the brown eyed people she sort told them that the group of people entering were going to be rude loud dominant and disruptive once the seminar bega n. No one knew what was going on but she was setting the blue eye people to fail. She made them annoyed in every way possible so about time the group was together it would seem that the blue eyed people were just as she described. Now the Lady with the blue eyes seemed to be the type of person that was easily irritated to start with her whole persona was if she was in charge and not Jane she answered questions with questions kept getting smart like she was going to be in charge no matter what it was her life and job were one in one and nobody was going to make her fill less she controlled the inmates at work and that was how her personality came off as if she did not come second to anyone things went her way or no way and that there is only one right answer hers; she became very annoying too me and she made me fill like some people In authority position now like its only their way that works does on like individuality love making people fill less in order for them to feel good about the mselves. It seems if the other blue eyed people were willing to try and work out was being taught she kept a defensive block up all the time. Her behavior had begun to annoyed a lot of the people in the room including some blue eyes This also made me see how much easier it was for the children to grasp what was being taught; more then the adults the kids were willing to say that how they were able to treat people even when they were told to do so if it mint treating them bad they did not like it. Of course for the one kid who felt like it gave him power. The correctional officer Acted, as if to admit that you are not better then the person next to you then there better then you. I think she had control issues; me, personally fill that you can learn something new ever day if you are willing to learn you have good and bad I every race good and bad comes in many shapes and sizes. But if you be the best you can be treat people with kindness and respect you will get treated the same. As long as you know there are exceptions to all rules and some people are just not nice no matter what. But don’t let that change who you are. Smile and somebody bound to smile back.

Final Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Project - Research Paper Example For example, it would be necessary to know why one needs to put up the department, what has changed in order for the company to decide to set up the department, the functions the company wishes the department to do, and how the department will contribute to the success of the company (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). In the case of Wabash Box Company, I would first consider hiring employees with prior experience in the manufacturing field. This is vital because it would reduce cost of training required to train inexperienced employees. I would also consider analysing categories of jobs required by the company in order to evenly distribute the 150 employees. To set up human resource department, I would also be required to set up a recruitment and selection team that will be mandated to hire new employees. Selection criteria will of course be determined by the working environment in Franklin, and this should go in line with the culture of Tennessee. Since the company needs to develop and offer distinct or quality corrugated containers, I would also strategically consider designing a career development plan, which will among other functions include training of the employees in order to develop and advance their skills. This should also go hand in hand with a strategy to maintain human resource. Question two: most appealing function of HR My most appealing HR management is employees motivating. Obtaining employees is one thing, and retaining them is a different thing all together. Retention of employees, however, requires a combination of multiple concepts. One and most obvious is as the function states â€Å"motivating†. There are various incentives and strategies of motivating employees. These need to be taken seriously as they may lead to employees leaving for another motivating organization or company, thus lose of credible asset to the company, which translates to loss of business (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). The articles I selected involves employees motivating. The argument in articles is about how to address the issue of employees when they tell their bosses that they are leaving the organization. A number of issues are raised in this argument, but, which all revolve around the issue of employees motivating. The problem arising is that these news may be surprising to the boss since it means losing that the employee would lead to lose of business. To some extent, the problem could be related to the boss refusal to motivate his or her employees, and probably the reason could be the organization could not be in a position to do so. The key point is that addressing employee’s salary should involve ensuring that they are market worth. The issue of employees motivating can be applied in academic and also professional career by a way of putting measures of employee’s retention into practice. Research on employees motivating can be of great importance to students, since this would help them dig deep in order to have an in-depth unde rstanding of the phenomena. Question three: 100 Best Companies to Work For Companies that I would like to work for: i. Google, The Boston Consulting Group, and SAS Institute a. Google’s mission is â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful† (Google Company, 2012, 1). Google has a vast of jobs to offer ranging from sales and account management, product and customer service, administrative and many more. According to what Google displays on its career

Stages of ego development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stages of ego development - Essay Example One of the main issues that arose between Freud and Adler was whether to define ego development as an ongoing process or a series of separate stages. According to Jane Loevinger (1996), the ego is separated into eight separate stages each bearing their own characteristics. The first stage is the impulsive stage, the stage that young children occupy. At this stage, the child is selfish and self-absorbed while being dependent upon the adult. The second stage is the self-protective stage in which a person is usually seeking opportunities and is manipulative in order to get their own way. The third stage is the conformist stage in which people tend to reform their behavior and are concerned about impressions they make. The next three stages that are the self aware, conscientious, and individualistic stages respectively are a person’s stepping-stones to forming their identity and individual personality. The last two stages which are Autonomous and Integrated occur when a person is satisfied with their position in life and has achieved a distinct identity for him/herself as an individual (Loevinger, 1996). References Hy, L., Loevinger, J. (1996) Measuring Ego Development. Springer. Loevinger, J. (1996). â€Å"The meaning and measurement of Ego Development.† American Psychologist. Volume 21, Issue 2, pp. 195-206.

Ethical Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Question - Essay Example I would definitely report Fred Football to the dean. The dean could ten decide what to do. Personal circumstances should not play a role in this kind of ethical situation. Deontological ethics, developed in large part by the Prussian philosopher Immanuel Kant, is often considered to be non-consequential ethics. That means that people make value judgements based not on what they can get from the pursuit of that value or the benefit of it to themselves or others, but because it is simply inherently the right thing to do. I believe in this. The truth is that to end plagiarism students should have an incentive to put references in their work. A practice-based approach is often most effective in getting students to understand why they should cite their references and avoid co-opting others material as their own. Leading the students through step by step why plagiarism is wrong and not in their best interests and how it distorts the work of the academy is the best way to prevent it from happening in the first

The importance of Interactive Whiteboard Assignment

The importance of Interactive Whiteboard - Assignment Example Interactive whiteboards are an effective way to interact with technology and multimedia in an organization or institute where there are a variety of people with different backgrounds and learning capabilities. The interactive whiteboards help the teachers in portraying things more effectively than any other means. They are not limited to some extent in describing things; in fact they present the learning materials that are more adaptable by the students (Billiard, 2002). They do not rely on the manipulation of words and pictures, nor are limited to making notes in digital ink like the ones used in the case of projectors; they avoid the hassle of saving notes for later reviews, viewing websites in groups, demonstrating software without being tied to a computer, and showing students’ presentations. They use presentation tools such as software, hardware etc. that are included with the whiteboard software to enhance the learning material outlook. This makes interactive whiteboards a must for most of the educational institutions especially for those which tend to provide education to primary level classes. (Jonassen & Peck, 1999). Most people need to ask other questions in order to reinforce their understanding. This makes learning an inherently social activity, in which everyone is involved from teachers to fellow students. Interactive whiteboards help this sort of teacher-student learning where everyone learns on their own (Billiard, 2002). Context It is important to educate students who study in higher education particularly in childhood departments. The early education plays the key role in the life of children. It is the time when children learn to their fullest. They adopt everything that is taught to them. In this way, childhood is an important stage of a person’s life (Bryant & Hunton, 2000). Whatever he has learnt in that phase of life, he will exhibit it in his whole life. Child development refers to the changes that occur as a child grows an d develops to bring sound changes in himself (Armstrong et al, 2005). The changes are related to physical health, mental health, social competence and ability to learn everything. The early childhood is fundamentally important. These years are the ones when children’s minds, growth, development, and learning capabilities are shaped (Foshay, 1999). Later in life, this assists the child in learning from school, home and communities. Recent research indicates that the early childhood is vital for the development of the child’s brain and in shaping the child’s brain architecture. The experience gained at that time provides foundation for the brain acceptance of learning, development, and functioning throughout their life. The experience gained also has a direct effect on the social, mental and learning abilities (Bryant & Hunton, 2000). There are many ways in which technology can be used. The technologies that are making students learn something can be employed by e ducational institutions (Hurst, n.d.). This includes technologies that communicate to the students with the help of new medium. The students can be provided with graphical presentations of concepts and learning material. By introducing computers and technologies of these types, learning can be made more effective (Pagett & Shenton, 2007).